HCOOCH CH2 H2O: Properties, Uses, and Applications of Ethylene Glycol Monoformate

HCOOCH CH2 H2O, also known as ethylene glycol monoformate or 2-hydroxyethyl formate, is a significant organic compound in chemical synthesis. It combines an ester (-COO-) and hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups, giving it unique properties that make it useful in various industrial applications. This article will explore the chemical properties, physical characteristics, synthesis, industrial applications, safety considerations, and environmental impact of HCOOCH CH2 H2O. Whether you’re a chemist, researcher, or student, this exhaustive guide will provide valuable insights into this versatile compound.

What is HCOOCH CH2 H2O?

HCOOCH CH2 H2O, or ethylene glycol monoformate, is an organic ester formed by the reaction of formic acid (HCOOH) with ethylene glycol (HOCH₂CH₂OH). It has polar and nonpolar characteristics due to hydroxyl and ester groups, making it a proper solvent, chemical intermediate, and reagent in various organic reactions.

Chemical Structure and Formula

• Molecular Formula: C₃H₆O₃
• Molecular Weight: ~90.08 g/mol
• IUPAC Name: 2-Hydroxyethyl formate
• Functional Groups: Ester (-COO-) and Hydroxyl (-OH)

Structural Representation

The molecular structure of HCOOCH CH2 H2O consists of a formate (HCOO—) ester-linked to an ethylene glycol (-CH₂CH₂OH) unit, forming a simple yet chemically reactive organic compound.

Physical and Chemical Properties of HCOOCH CH2 H2O

Physical Properties

Property	Value
State	Liquid
Appearance	Colorless to pale yellow
Odor	Mild ester-like smell
Density	~1.1 g/cm³
Boiling Point	~150°C
Solubility	Miscible with water and polar organic solvents

Chemical Properties

1. Polarity – The presence of the hydroxyl (-OH) group makes it a polar compound, allowing good solubility in water.
2. Hydrolysis Reaction – It can hydrolyze in the presence of acids or bases, breaking down into ethylene glycol and formic acid.
3. Reactivity – Reacts with alcohols, amines, and acids, making it a valuable intermediate in organic synthesis.
4. Hydrogen Bonding – The hydroxyl group allows hydrogen bonding, increasing its solubility in polar solvents.

How is HCOOCH CH2 H2O Synthesized?

Ethylene glycol monoformate can be synthesized through esterification or transesterification reactions, where ethylene glycol reacts with formic acid or a formate ester.

Direct Esterification

The most common method involves reacting ethylene glycol (HOCH₂CH₂OH) with formic acid (HCOOH) under acidic conditions:

HOCH2​CH2​OH+HCOOH→HCOOCH2​CH2​OH+H2​O

This reaction is mediated by an acid (such as sulfuric acid) and typically occurs at elevated temperatures.

Transesterification

Another method involves reacting methyl formate (HCOOCH₃) with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst:

HCOOCH3​+HOCH2​CH2​OH→HCOOCH2​CH2​OH+CH3​OH

This method allows selective production with fewer side reactions.

Applications of HCOOCH CH2 H2O

Solvent for Organic Synthesis

Ethylene glycol monoformate is widely used as a solvent in organic reactions because of its high polarity and ability to dissolve polar compounds.

Intermediate in Ester and Polymer Production

Due to its ester group, it serves as an intermediate in producing polymers, plasticizers, and other esters used in industrial applications.

Chemical Reagent in Pharmaceuticals

In pharmaceutical chemistry, it is used as a protecting group for hydroxyl functionalities and as a reagent in drug synthesis.

Hydrolytic Agent

Because it can hydrolyze into ethylene glycol and formic acid, it is used in hydrolysis reactions, particularly in controlled acidification processes.

Cosmetic and Fragrance Industry

Its mild ester-like odor makes it useful in perfume formulations and cosmetic emulsifiers.

Safety Considerations

Toxicity and Health Effects

• Inhalation Risks – May irritate the respiratory system.
• Skin Contact – This can lead to mild skin irritation.
• Ingestion – Potentially harmful if swallowed in large amounts, leading to metabolic acidosis due to formic acid breakdown.

Storage and Handling

• Store in a cold, dry place away from heat sources.
• Use gloves, protective eyewear, and ventilated areas when handling.
• Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of vapors.

First Aid Measures

Exposure Type	First Aid Measure
Inhalation	Move to fresh air, seek medical attention if breathing difficulties occur.
Skin Contact	Wash with soap and water, remove contaminated clothing.
Eye Contact	Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes.
Ingestion	Do not induce vomiting; seek medical help immediately.

Environmental Impact of HCOOCH CH2 H2O

1. Biodegradability – HCOOCH CH2 H2O breaks down into formic acid and ethylene glycol, which are biodegradable.
2. Water Pollution – High concentrations in water sources may cause acidification, affecting aquatic life.
3. Eco-Friendly Alternatives – It is considered less toxic than other solvents but should still be used cautiously.

Conclusion

HCOOCH CH2 H2O, or ethylene glycol mono-formate, is an important chemical compound with applications in organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Its unique solubility, reactivity, and hydrolytic properties make it valuable in industrial and research settings.

FAQS on HCOOCH CH2 H2O

You May Also Read: The Importance of 2410381-07-4 CAS No in Chemical Research and Global Standardization